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Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Audio recording metadata is required to upload acoustic survey results HOW TO RESOLVE: Enter missing required data based on the template's header rows—the third row indicates required status by field, and the second row lists data type restrictions. Ensure each record includes values for all required fields before re-uploading. Example: Providing a unique 'Audio Recording Name' is a 'REQUIRED' for each record to ensure a successful data upload. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude/longitude to locate the survey, a Site Name to describe the place, survey start and end times, and the names of surveyors. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: No location found matching location name. HOW TO RESOLVE: This error occurs when 'GRTS Cell Id' and 'Latitude'/'Longitude' are both missing from a record. Ensure the ''GRTS Cell Id' field or "Latitude'/'Longitude' fields are completed for each submitted record. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude/longitude to locate the survey, a Site Name to describe the place, survey start and end times, and the names of surveyors. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Rename Acoustic Files Transpose Colony Counts from Columns to Rows Generate Timestamps from AnaBat Filenames R Code for Mobile Transects: Auto Assign GRTS Cell to Recordings NABat R Package

BACKGROUND Scientists, resource managers, and bat-enthusiasts have been concerned about the future of bat populations for decades. NABat was designed to unify this continental community to collaboratively monitor bats, assemble data in a centralized database, and deliver status and trends for one of North America's critical resources -- BATS! Bats are Amazing Photo: Roxanne Pourshoustari Bats make up the second largest order of mammals, Chiroptera, and comprise one-fifth of all mammalian species. They perform numerous ecosystem services like insect pest control and plant pollination, and provide enormous economic benefits through ecotourism, medical research, and novel biotechnologies. Learn More Monitoring Need Photo: Jordi Segers There are 47 bat species in the U.S. and Canada, more than half of which are of current conservation concern. Eight are listed as federally endangered. Despite the importance of bats and growing concern about their status, prior to 2015 there was no program to conduct standardized monitoring of bat species across multiple taxa in North America. Bats are notoriously difficult to monitor adding to the need for a coordinated effort. Learn More Spread of WNS Photo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service White-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging fungal disease, was discovered in North America in the winter of 2006. The rapid spread of the disease and associated mortality further prioritized the need to understand population trends. Subsequently the U.S. WNS National Response Plan (2011) and the WNS Implementation Plan (2014) identified the need for a national framework to model and monitor bat populations. Members of the WNS Response Team's Conservation and Recovery working group developed A Plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program . Learn More Multiple Threats Photo: Paul Cryan It was evident among members of the bat research and management community that they were tackling similar issues. Because factors like WNS and wind turbines affect bat populations across political borders, it was determined that a comprehensive bat monitoring program for all species shared among the United States, Canada, and Mexico was required. By monitoring population and distribution trends across North America, NABat will not only provide information about the impacts of WNS, but also inform land managers and policymakers about the impacts of wind energy development, climate change, habitat loss, and other unanticipated threats that may arise in the future. Learn More

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Manual Id Vetter must be specified when Manual Id is specified HOW TO RESOLVE: Enter missing required 'Manual Id Vetter' field when 'Manual Id' is specified. Enter missing required data based on the template's header rows—the third row indicates required status by field, and the second row lists data type restrictions. Ensure each record includes values for all required fields before re-uploading. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude/longitude to locate the survey, a Site Name to describe the place, survey start and end times, and the names of surveyors. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: An entry of this recording name already exists and is part of another survey event HOW TO RESOLVE: Duplicate errors occur when the system encounters repeated survey records. This error typically occurs when duplicate records occur across multiple uploads. Locate the conflicting file in the Partner Portal's Surveys tab, download it from Project Files, and compare contents with your current file. Keep the most complete version and remove overlapping rows from the other, then re-upload. If duplicates persist despite removing and re-uploading affected data, contact the NABat Technical Outreach Team. ADDED EXPLANATION: Duplicate detection logic varies by survey type. For emergence count surveys, each unique combination of Site Name, Exit Identifier (if provided), Surveyor, and Species should appear in a single row—multiple rows from the same surveyor for the same combination are flagged as duplicates, whereas rows from different surveyors are averaged to produce the final count. Roost count surveys use different logic: counts are summed within each surveyor's report for a given site, section, and species, and if multiple surveyors report, their sums are averaged—so duplicates are not flagged in the same way. Beyond survey-type logic, duplicate errors can arise from re-uploading the same data in quick succession, inadvertently uploading the same survey under different file names, accidental copy/paste duplication within a file, or leftover data from older versions of the upload logic. When identifying duplicates within a file, Excel's Conditional Formatting (Home → Styles → Conditional Formatting → Highlight Cells → Duplicate Values) can highlight repeated values in a unique identifier column. For surveys lacking a single unique field, create a new column that concatenates key fields to form a composite identifier. When comparing across uploads, note the conflicting file's name and created date in the Partner Portal, download it, and review side-by-side with your current file to determine which version is more complete or accurate. In rare cases, the database may retain artifacts of previously deleted data that trigger duplicate errors on subsequent uploads—if you suspect this scenario after repeated removal and re-upload attempts, contact the NABat technical outreach team to investigate.

dc5dd233-e027-4cf3-b527-7a493b664525 Photo credit: Jason Slater, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Corynorhinus rafinesquii Order : Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family : Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Frequency modulated sweep (~20 kHz) Weight 1/4 - 1/2 oz (7 - 13 g) Body Length 3 1/2 in - 4 1/5 (9.2 – 10.6 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat Rafinesque’s big-eared bats are easily identifiable throughout the southeastern U.S. by their extremely large ears and short snout with prominent lumps that flank the nostrils. The species' dorsal fur ranges from gray to reddish-brown, and its bicolored ventral fur has a dark base with pale or white tips that distinguish it from the closely-related Townsend's big-eared bat. This species is uncommon throughout most of its range, which spans across the southeastern U.S. and north into Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. It is primarily found in mature forests, especially cypress/tupelo-gum stands. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats roost in trees, caves, bridges, and occasionally buildings. Winter habits of the species vary: individuals in cooler parts of the range often hibernate, while those in warmer climates are active throughout the year. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats feed mostly on moths but will also eat other insects including crane flies and horseflies. Females produce a single pup per reproductive cycle. The oldest recorded Rafinesque’s big-eared bat is 10 years old. Rafinesque's big-eared bats are one of a handful of low-intensity echolocation species colloquially referred to as "whispering bats." Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

OUR TEAM Meet our Central Coordination team of ecologists, technical support specialists, analysts, computer scientists, and core planning team members. Our goal is to support the monitoring efforts and information needs of the collaborative NABat network . Photo: Tamara Perez Rodriguez Program Coordinators Brian Reichert NABat Program Coordinator breichert@usgs.gov Jordi Segers NABat Coordinator Canada jsegers@cwhc-rcsf.ca Bethany Straw NABat Asst. Program Coordinator bstraw@usgs.gov Technical Support Andrea Schuhmann Technical Outreach Coordinator aschuhmann@usgs.gov Photo: Paul Cryan Analysts Helen Davis Geospatial Ecologist htdavis@usgs.gov Amy Wray Bat Ecologist awray@usgs.gov Brad Udell Quantitative Ecologist budell@usgs.gov Charles Labuzzetta Quantitative Ecologist clabuzzetta@usgs.gov Sarah Gaulke Ph.D. Student sgaulke@usgs.gov sarah.gaulke@colostate.edu David Blount Quantitative Ecologist david.blount@cornell.edu Photo: Thomas Cuyper Computer Scientists Ben Lohre blohre@usgs.gov Joe Chabarek jchabarek@usgs.gov Harrison Pickett hpickett@usgs.gov Teague Neschke tneschke@usgs.gov Jeremy Coleman U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Jon Reichard U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Kathi Irvine U.S. Geological Survey Wayne Thogmartin U.S. Geological Survey Susan Loeb U.S. Forest Service Ted Weller U.S. Forest Service Michelle Verant National Park Service Mylea Bayless Bat Conservation International Winifred Frick Bat Conservation International Brad Jost Bureau of Land Management Charles Francis Canadian Wildlife Service Cori Lausen Wildlife Conservation Society, Canada Eric Britzke U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Dev'mt Ctr. Photo: Jose Martinez-Fonseca Core Planning Team

5977e49f-278a-4c9d-93d9-c577552d1c16 Photo credit: Alan Schmierer USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Phyllostomidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller Weight 1/2 - 1 oz (15 - 28 g) Body Length 2 3/4 - 3 1/3 in (6.8 - 8.4 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Lesser Long-nosed Bat The lesser long-nosed bat has brown to gray fur and an unusual split in its tail membrane. Inhabiting desert areas, this species forms large aggregations in cave or mine roosts. Lesser long-nosed bats may migrate over 1,000 miles between their winter and summer ranges! A nectivore, the species is a frequent pollinator of agave and columnar cacti and may opportunistically feed at hummingbird feeders. Mothers give birth to one pup a year. This bat can survive to over 20 years in age in the wild. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

658b8eed-12d9-4720-8eb1-a36d7c190881 Photo credit: J. Scott Altenbach USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Eumops underwoodi Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Mollosidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (10-25 kHz) Weight 1 2/5 - 1 3/4 oz (40 - 50 g) Body Length 6 - 6 1/3 in (15 - 16 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Underwood's Bonneted Bat Underwood's bonneted bat has a gray to sandy brown color and large ears. It is the second largest bat in the US after the greater bonneted bat. This species lives in desert, grassland, and decidious forest habitats and has been observed roosting in cacti, under palm fronds, and among foliage. Its range spreads from southern Arizona to Nicaragua and this species migrates south for the winter. This bat is fast and has been clocked flying at speeds over 43 km/hr (27 mi/hr)! Underwood's bonneted bat feeds on insects including leafhoppers, moths, grasshoppers, and beetles. Mothers give birth to one pup per year. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

bd65c0d2-7901-4b25-93f9-cc4ae7bec77c Photo credit: Valerie Kearny, Arkansas State University USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis leibii Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (40 - 50 kHz) Weight 1/8 - 1/4 oz (3.5 - 6 g) Body Length 3 - 3 3/8 in (7.5 - 8.5 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Eastern Small-footed Myotis The small-footed Myotis has yellowish-brown fur with a darker under coat and dark wings, ears, and face. True to its name, the small-footed Myotis has small feet that are only 1/4 inch (7 - 8 mm) long. They prefer habitat in upland or lowland hardwood forests. During summer, this species can be found roosting in tree cavities, rock crevices, older buildings, or tunnels. During winter, small-footed Myotis hibernate in very cold caves or mines. This species' diet includes a variety of insects, including moths, beetles, and members of the order Diptera. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

16bb03c6-c6b9-4ac9-92ac-48ff8e556551 Photo credit: Ann Froschauer, USFWS USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Corynorhinus townsendii Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (~20 kHz range) Weight 1/5 - 1/2 oz (5 - 13 g) Body Length 3 1/2 - 4 1/2 in (9.0 – 11.5 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Townsend's Big-eared Bat The Townsend’s big-eared bat is easily identifiable by its extremely large ears which measure nearly half its body length. Other distinguishing features include a long, pointed tragus and a short snout with pronounced lumps on either side. Its pelage is variable, with dorsal fur ranging from gray to reddish- or blackish-brown; and gray ventral fur showing brown or buff tips. It is a wide-ranging species, found from southern Canada to southern Mexico, occupying diverse habitats including coniferous forests, oak-hickory forests, and grasslands. Townsend’s big-eared bats typically roost in cliffs, caves, and rock ledges, hibernating in areas with substantial airflow. The species feeds mostly on moths but occasionally preys on other small insects. Females produce a single pup per reproductive cycle. The oldest recaptured Townsend’s big-eared bat was 21 years old. Townsend’s big-eared bats are one of a handful of low-intensity echolocation species colloquially referred to as "whispering bats." Two subspecies of Townsend's big-eared bat, the Ozark big-eared bat and the Virginia big-eared bat, are on the US federally endangered list. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next