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Create Account Plan Project Collect Data Prep/Process Data Upload Data Data QA/QC Get Data Species Codes Resource Library CREATE AN ACCOUNT An NABat login and password are required to access most features of the NABat Partner Portal. Interested individuals should review NABat's terms and conditions prior to requesting an account. Follow the instructions on this page to register as an NABat Partner. Become an NABat Partner 1. Navigate to the NABat Partner Portal and click the Login | Request an Account button (top-right corner). 2. The log in process varies depending on a user's affiliation with the Department of the Interior (DOI). Any user outside the DOI is considered an External Account. Users setting up an External Account should begin by clicking the Login.gov button under External Account , then follow prompts to create an account. DOI users must register or log into their NABat account by selecting Microsoft Entra . To complete account set up, users will need to associate an account with a registered organization. If an organization is not in the dropdown list, please fill out the New Organization Form , and a member of the Technical Outreach team will add it to the NABat Partner Portal . Please allow up to 24 hours for the request to be processed. Note: For the Organization Leader(s) and/or NABat Point(s) of Contact, please refer to either the organization's current leader or the most consistent representative responsible for the data uploaded to the NABat Partner Portal. If the point of contact changes, please reach out to a member of the Technical Outreach Team to update the contact information. 3. Once an account is created/approved, navigate to the NABat Partner Portal and log in. 4. Once logged in, click the My NABat tab from the top menu bar. A user's current projects will appear under this tab. If a user wishes to join an existing project, contact the project leader and request to be added as a member.

588e4a1d-3771-417c-aeab-abec61a5c47d Photo credit: Andrea Schuhmann USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis austroriparius Order : Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family : Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (~40 kHz range) Weight 1/5 - 1/3 oz (5.1 - 8.1 g) Body Length 3 - 3 4/5 in (7.7 – 9.7 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Southeastern Myotis The southeastern myotis is distinguishable from other Myotis species by its woolly, bi-colored fur (dark brown at the base with pale tips) and especially long toe hairs. Summer habitat includes hardwood and mixed forests, coastal areas, and a wide range of riparian habitat. Maternity colonies are often associated with caves, but have also been observed in hollow trees and man-made structures like bridges and culverts. In its southern range, the species remains active for much of the winter, but individuals in the northern range hibernate in some of the same structures used for summer roosts (e.g., caves). Females of this species typically give birth to twin pups. Diet consists primarily of mosquitoes, crane flies, and moths. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

2022 Photo Contest Winners! Category: Bats Hayden Hutcherson Townsend's Big-Eared Bat in Coconino County, Arizona Category: Acoustic Equipment Showcase Melissa McGaw A biologist with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission runs a route to record acoustic signals from bats in the immediate area. Category: Surveys Ivan Yates Townsend's big-eared bat being swabbed for WNS during a hibernacula survey.

Create Account Plan Project Collect Data Prep/Process Data Upload Data Data QA/QC Get Data Species Codes Resource Library PREP & PROCESS DATA Jump to... Count Data Prep Multiple Software Suites Acoustic Data Processing Acoustic Search Areas Select/Create Species List Reference Calls Acoustic Data Processing Guidance on how to process bat acoustic files and create associated metadata formatted for upload to the NABat Partner Portal are provided for the following bioacoustic analysis software. Kaleidoscope Pro SonoBat Suggested Acoustic Search Areas for Species Need help developing a species list for your project or study area? The NABat Stationary Acoustic Working Group has developed guidance and downloadable resources. Species Acoustic Search Areas Select/Create a New Species List in the Partner Portal Users must provide a complete list of all species considered during acoustic identification via autoclassification software, and when applicable, manual identification. 1. Log into the NABat Partner Portal . First-time users will need to create an account. 2. Once logged in, select the My NABat tab from the navigation bar and select your project of interest, or click the +New project button and complete the steps in the Project Wizard to create a new project. 3. Navigate to the Plan tab within your selected project and then to the Acoustic Species Lists tool. 4. The first table displayed in the Acoustic Species Lists tool - the Species Lists by NABat Grid Cell table displays a suggested list of species for each grid cell (listed by GRTS ID) selected for survey in your project. This table will remain blank if grid cells have not yet been selected for survey. 5. If you elect to use the SAWG GRTS 1.0 list for acoustic data processing for the associated grid cell listed in the table by GRTS ID, use the list name "SAWG GRTS 1.0" in the Name of Species List for Auto ID and/or Name of Species List for Manual ID fields in your stationary or mobile acoustic data upload templates . 5. If you elect to create a new customized species list for your project, select the Customize button from any grid cell listed in the Species List by NABat Grid Cell table. A new editor window will pop up. Here you can name your new list - name must be unique, can't already exist in database - provide a description, and select what species to include. To finalize, click Save New List button. Your newly created list will now automatically be favorited and appear in the All Species List table. Note: species lists used for auto Id and manual Id may differ within a given project based on what species were considered by each process. Multiple NABat Species Lists may be saved within and used by a single project. 4. Users are required to include Name of Species List for Auto Id , and when applicable, the Name of Species List for Manual Id in acoustic data upload templates in order to successfully submit stationary or mobile acoustic data to a project. Template entries must exactly match the newly created or existing NABat species list name. Additional instruction on how to create species list(s) in your project customized to selections made in your auto-Id software can be found below. Species Lists from Auto-Id Software Processing Acoustic Data Using Multiple Software Suites While duplicate audio files are not normally accepted by the NABat database, database logic includes an exception to any duplicate audio file uploads with two distinct Auto Id Software values. Users who to intend to process acoustic data in multiple software suites will need to attribute and process data in each software separately . Once multiple outputs are produced, the metadata CSVs may be uploaded to a project. NOTE: DO NOT upload metadata CSVs with the same name, as the first file uploaded will be overwritten by the second file. Count Data Prep Users with winter internal roost count, non-winter internal roost count or emergence count data must simply ensure data is formatted correctly for upload to the NABat Partner Portal. Please refer to the resources below for guidance before continuing to the Upload Data section. Find descriptions of the metadata fields on the third line of the bulk upload template available here . Prior to preparing count data, it is crucial that users communicate with their collaborators (incl. state and federal agencies) to ensure uploaded data will not be duplicated across multiple NABat projects. Colony sites may be sensitive locations. Users who want to share their data without revealing sensitive coordinates should adjust their Data Use & Sharing settings accordingly, but may also use the NABat Grid Cell Finder when preparing data for upload. Video: Roost Data Prep/Upload R Script: Transpose Columns to Rows Capture Data Prep Users with bat capture data must simply ensure data is formatted correctly for upload to the NABat Partner Portal. Find descriptions of the metadata fields on the third line of the bulk upload template available here . Reference Calls Bat reference calls are acoustic recordings of bat echolocations, social calls, etc. where the identity of the recorded species is established through reliable identification methods, e.g., genetics, capture, etc. Despite the NABat database representing over 130 million bat acoustic records (and counting), there is still a pressing need for verified, curated reference recordings. These bat reference calls are needed to help improve the utility and reliability of acoustic monitoring as a tool for studying bats and essential for advancing our understanding of how species and populations are fairing across North America. Reference Guidance

Create Account Plan Project Collect Data Prep/Process Data Upload Data Data QA/QC Get Data Species Codes Resource Library SPECIES ACOUSTIC SEARCH AREA SAWG LIST 1.0 Why Species Lists Matter Technological improvements over the last several decades have led to more advanced ultrasonic recording equipment capable of capturing large quantities of high-quality bat call data and have also led to more advanced signal processing algorithms and acoustic analysis software capable of auto-classifying these large datasets to species (Zamora-Gutierrez et al. 2021; Fraser et al. 2020). It is often overlooked, however, how important the list of bat species selected for consideration by autoclassification software and manual vetting can be for ensuring accurate acoustic processing results. When using acoustic classification software to process bat call data, the list of species considered by a software’s classifier impacts how the calls are categorized and classified to species. This can potentially lead to mis- or missed classifications if the species included in the classifier are not appropriate for the geography of interest. It is recommended that users select the list of species appropriate for their study area based on a review of species range maps, suggested acoustic search areas (2025, see section below), and consultation with local experts, state, provincial, or tribal wildlife agencies, and conservation organizations involved in acoustic bat monitoring. The species list determines monitoring effort for each species for a given recording and classification batch. If a species is not in a species list, it will not be considered by the classification software, and can never be detected. So, from an analytical perspective, species not included in the species list did not have a monitoring effort. In other words, “it was not looked for, detection status = NA” instead of “it was looked for but was not detected, detection status = 0”. When a species is included in a species list, it can be detected (either correctly, or incorrectly). The correct classification probability of a species depends in part on which other species are included in a species list, so the species false-negative rates and false-positive rates will be affected by the inclusion or exclusion of other species. Suggested Acoustic Search Area for North American Bats by NABat Grid Cell A Product of the NABat Stationary Acoustic Working Group Summary: The NABat Stationary Acoustic Working Group is comprised of members with diverse geographic and species-specific expertise in stationary acoustic surveys for bats. The working group collaborated with state, provincial, and regional bat experts to develop suggested search areas for North American bat species. These search areas are geographies where a specified bat species may occur and therefore should be considered for inclusion in the list of candidate species when analyzing echolocation recordings and assigning a species ID. The primary purpose of this effort is to produce candidate species lists for each NABat grid cell that can be considered when undertaking acoustic analyses (i.e., using autoID software to classify bat recordings to species). It is expected that acoustic search areas will require updating through time to account for changes in populations and incorporating new or updated information sources. Background and Need: The list of bat species selected for consideration by the autoclassification software and by manual vetters is important for ensuring accurate acoustic processing results for a given geography where recordings were collected. When using acoustic classification software to process bat call data, the list of species considered by a software’s classifier impacts how the calls are parameterized and classified to species. This can potentially lead to mis- or missed classifications if the species included in the classifier are not appropriate for the geography of interest. Species range maps can help inform the list of bat species selected for consideration when auto-classifying and manually vetting acoustic recordings, however, because some known or suspected changes in species distributions (e.g., Brazilian free-tailed bat, evening bat) are not reflected in these maps, and because true species ranges cannot be fully known, these range maps are not sufficient on their own. Currently there are four primary sources for North American Bat species ranges -- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS), National Atlas, NatureServe, and International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (Table 1). The species ranges provided by these sources can sometimes be in conflict and therefore serve as a source of confusion for analysts determining which species should be considered during acoustic data processing. Moreover, it is important to distinguish between polygons intended to depict species ranges (i.e., where species are expected to occur based on historical records, contemporary observation data, or expert elicitation) and species acoustic search area polygons (i.e., where it is reasonable to look for a species based on the understanding that species range boundaries can change through time). The latter support acoustic surveys that can be used to document changes in species distributions. Commercial and open-source software available for auto-classifying and manually vetting acoustic recordings of bat echolocation measures often provide users a default list of species for the software to consider for a given geography. If a species is missing from the list of considered species, it will not be considered for classification and, thus, cannot be detected. A single list of species to consider during acoustic survey analyses at the scale of a 10-km x 10-km NABat grid cell will help guide acoustic data processers in species list selection, particularly biologists/data processors not experienced with the details of the local bat fauna. Goal: To provide users a default list of species to include for consideration during processing of bat acoustic files. In particular, this list will help users select which species to include when using automated identification software. Examples include, customizing species lists and comparing regional or subregional classifiers to the list of species that should be considered for a given NABat grid cell. The desired outcome is a single species list that accounts for species expected to occur within a NABat grid cell, as well as species that may occur within the cell (i.e., rare species, just outside existing species ranges, species with putative range expansions). Working group members sought a balance between a species list that was liberal (i.e., considered all the species that may occur in an area) yet did not include species that were unlikely to occur, which would lower confidence of automated identification software and suggest false positives for species identifications. Primary Audience: Users that are biologists but not experienced with the details of the local bat fauna. Examples include professional agency biologists that survey for a wide variety of taxa and participate in the NABat program intermittently within a given year, or bat biologists conducting surveys in a new locality for which they do not have a detailed understanding of the bat fauna. Users experienced with the local bat fauna likely already have a default list of species that should be considered in acoustic surveys. Such users are invited to reference these resources for consideration or to provide suggested updates such that their expertise may be represented in future iterations. Intended Product: A list accessible via the NABat Partner Portal that documents the suggested species to consider by grid cell (i.e., include in the species list) during acoustic survey analyses carried out for geographies of interest (e.g., cells selected for survey in a project). This product does not represent and should not be interpreted as altered or adjusted range maps. Versioning: We expect that species ranges will change over time and that we will learn more about contemporary distributions of individual species via the NABat program and other efforts. As such, the list of species to be considered in each cell should be updated over time. Working group members propose this should occur every 5 years and should be a task coordinated by the NABat Stationary Acoustic Working Group unless a quantitative procedure has been developed that would generate species lists based on data. Process: Working group members and state/provincial level points of contact (POC) reviewed existing, publicly available range maps and considered where edits to these polygons may be warranted to produce reasonable search area for each species. As part of this process, participants considered the possibility of expansion, contraction, or shifting ranges and provided input on search area polygons that would enable observation of any such changes to species occurrence and range boundaries. Individual input was based on training, education, and expertise of participants and their familiarity with known data records. Resulting species-specific feedback was based on local knowledge for a given species and potential rates and regions of range expansion. Participants refrained from providing input on species or geographies where they did not possess local knowledge. As a result, buffers were not extended into states or provinces where the search area polygon would intrude into a new state or province for a given species without state/provincial concurrence. Specific steps included: Generating digitally editable polygons that merged existing range map sources (Table 1 below). Digitally editable polygons of merged range maps by species were made available to Stationary Acoustic Working Group members and observers who were able to edit polygons to reflect their input on where specific species should be looked for based on their expertise. Digitally editable polygons of merged range maps by species were also distributed to state/provincial level points of contact (POC) for bats and their feedback invited on the proposed search area polygons. State/provincial POCs had the option to provide input directly and/or seek additional input from other local experts. Input from working group participants and POCs were compiled and integrated to create acoustic search area polygons for each species. Smoothed and simplified acoustic search area polygons were generated by species with additional 10-km terrestrial boundary buffers and off-shore buffers of 150-km when a species terrestrial range extended to the edge of the continent. Where range boundaries occurred along the Great Lakes, the search area boundaries were extended to the midpoint of the lake or were connected directly if the search area continued on the other side of the lake. Maps of the final species-specific Acoustic Search Areas (2025) are stored with the NABat Stationary Acoustic Working Group as an archive. Acoustic search area polygons were joined to each NABat grid frame to produce a default species list for each 10-km x 10-km grid cell. These default species lists by grid cell may be adopted for use in commercial and open-source software, on the NABat Partner Portal, and additional use cases not explicitly defined here. Table 1. Range Map Sources. Download Acoustic Search Areas by NABat Grid Cell

EVENTS See a list of upcoming events across the NABat network. Don't see your event and want it added? Email aschuhmann@usgs.gov to share details Southeastern Bat Diversity Network Annual Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana March 11-13, 2026 The 31st Meeting of the Southeastern Bat Diversity Network & 36th Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals will take place at the Royal Senesta in New Orleans, Louisiana. Learn more at: https://sbdn.org/ North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference and National Military Fish and Wildlife Association Meeting Columbus, Ohio March 29 - April 3, 2026 The 91st North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference and the 43rd Annual National Military Fish and Wildlife Association Meeting will be held jointly at the Hilton in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Learn more at: https://wildlifemanagement.institute/conference/2026 & https://www.nmfwa.org/2026-meeting Midwest Bat Working Group Annual Meeting Minneapolis, Minnesota April 15-16, 2026 The Midwest Bat Working Group (MWBWG) is proud to host our 18th annual meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 15-16, 2026. The annual meeting provides a venue for participants to present results from studies, provide updates on long-term research projects, and plan future multi-state collaborative endeavors, all on local, regional, and national scales. This meeting is highly valuable to biologists looking to collaborate on research and management of bats, as well as to professionals who promote conservation by enhancing public understanding of bats. Learn more at: https://mwbwg.org/ State of the Science on Offshore Energy, Wildlife, and Fisheries Stony Brook University, Long Island, New York June 8th-11th, 2026 The State of the Science workshop Building on a strong foundation: deepening knowledge and finding collaborative solutions is hosted by the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NYSERDA) on behalf of the Offshore Wind Environmental Technical Working Group and the Fisheries Technical Working Group. Learn more at: https://www.nyetwg.com/2026-workshop

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Observational data must include HOW TO RESOLVE: Enter missing required data based on the template's header rows -- the third row indicates 'required' status by field, and the second row lists data type restrictions. Ensure each record includes values for all required fields before re-uploading. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who"questions. This means a user must include either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude and longitude, a Site name to describe the location, survey start and end times, and names of the surveyors. Each survey type may also require additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file upload. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file rows can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Invalid option for HOW TO RESOLVE: Replace erroneous data in flagged field based on data type requirements and controlled categorical responses listed by field in second header row of template. Use spreadsheet find/replace tools to correct values efficiently. ADDED EXPLANATION: Fields in all NABat templates have data type requirements and controlled categorical responses listed by field in the second header row. Using unrecognized data entry options or accidentally ingesting header rows as data entries can trigger 'invalid categorical errors'. check the template's second header row to view data type requirements or lists of controlled categorical responses. Use spreadsheet find/replace tools to correct values. Please contact the NABat Technical Outreach Team if you need additional categorical options added to fields (e.g., new software versions, new detector models, etc.).

WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT BATS? Bats are the second most diverse order of mammals with about 1,400 species worldwide. Currently, there are 150 species of bats recognized in North America, including 138 that are found in Mexico, 47 in the United States, and 17 in Canada. NABat will focus on the 47 species that are found in the United States and shared with Canada or Mexico. In Canada, three species are listed by the federal government as endangered, one species is considered threatened, and another species is considered a species of special concern. In the United States, eight species or subspecies are listed as endangered by the federal government and one species is listed as threatened. In Mexico, three species are considered threatened and two species are provided special protection. Bats are important to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems and are considered to be good bioindicators for monitoring ecosystem health because of their longevity and their sensitivity to changes in their environment that may also affect many other organisms. Additionally, bats provide many benefits and services to humans. Because bats are active mainly during the night (nocturnal) many of their important benefits and services occur “under the radar.” Insect Consumption One of the most important services that bats provide is insect consumption. Approximately 70 percent of all bat species either depend exclusively or primarily on insects for food, and these bats consume large numbers of insects throughout the growing season. For example, colonies of Mexican free-tailed bats in Texas often contain over 1 million bats; the economic importance of their foraging has been estimated to save cotton farmers approximately $12.2 million a year in insect pest suppression. Other studies estimate that bats across the United States and other parts of the word save farmers billions of dollars each year by patrolling the dark skies and literally gobbling up tons of flying crop pests each night. Pollination Some species of bats are also important pollinators of native and commercial plants. Over 500 different types of tropical plants are pollinated by bats every year. For example, nectar feeding bats pollinate Agave tequilana , which is the principal component used in the distillation of tequila, an economically important product of Mexico. These bats forage by plunging their faces down into a flower and using their very long tongues to lap up nectar stored there. While they are doing this, pollen becomes attached to their fur. Then when they visit other flowers, some of this pollen comes off, thereby fertilizing the flowers. Seed Dispersal Fruit-eating bats in the tropics and subtropics are important seed dispersers and aid in regenerating forests and fruit crops. When bats fly across nighttime landscapes, their combined abilities of digesting quickly and defecating ‘on-the-fly’ play an important role in regenerating clear-cut forests, especially rainforests. Bats also redistribute nutrients across the landscape. Bat guano is exceptionally high in nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Guano accumulations around the bases of bat roosts in dead trees fertilize the soil and may also aid in forest regeneration. Medical Research and Technology Bats provide many other benefits to humans, some of which are just becoming known. They have served as important models in medical research, and compounds from their bodies are being used in new medical treatments. Because bats live much longer than would be expected based on their body size, they provide a good model for studies of the aging process, and studies of their metabolism have provided insight into some causes of aging. The transparent and extremely thin structure of bat wings have led to improved understanding of the dynamics of blood circulation in mammals. In other studies, a compound found in the saliva of the common vampire bat is being tested as a treatment for stroke victims, as it shows promise in providing faster restoration of blood flow with reduced risk of bleeding and can be administered later than other stroke treatments. Biotechnology Research & Dev'mt Bats have the most sophisticated flight mechanisms in all the animal kingdom. The structure and function of bat wings have been studied to understand the aerodynamics of complex flight. These studies are beginning to inspire engineered designs of futuristic aircraft, such as drones. In addition to fertilization, the components of bat guano may lead to future uses. The chitin from undigested insect shells found in bat guano may be used in pharmaceuticals, bioengineering, agriculture pest control, and textiles. The bacteria of bat guano, rich in ammonia, may someday be used in environmental engineering to remove nitrogen from industrial waste before it reaches our lakes and rivers. Ecotourism Nightly bat emergences during summertime from daytime roosts in caves, tunnels, mines, or bridges provide impressive viewing opportunities as tens of thousands to millions of bats leave their roosts to forage for insects. Their collective flight can draw thousands of spectators, create interpretive opportunities, and provide economic benefits to nearby communities. For example, the emergence of Mexican free-tailed bats at Carlsbad Caverns or the Congress Avenue Bridge in Austin, TX, bring thousands of visitors to these areas. Total annual visitation to view Mexican free-tailed bats at these and 15 other sites in the southwestern United States was over 242,000 visitors, and their visits were conservatively estimated to bring in $6.5 million per year to the local communities.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Missing required HOW TO RESOLVE: Enter missing required data (required status by field indicated in third row of template) based on data type restrictions listed by field in third header row of template. Ensure each record includes values for all required field before re-uploading. Example: A portion of the stationary acoustic full template showing required status by field listed in the third row of template ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a 'GRTS Cell Id' or 'Latitude'/'Longitude' to locate the survey; a 'Site Name' to describe the place; 'Survey Start Time' and 'Survey End Time'; the the 'Name of Surveyor(s)'. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If any required fields are omitted, the upload wizard will block the file or flag row-level omissions. Use the template's informational header rows to see which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains entries for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: FOREACH expression must not be null HOW TO RESOLVE: Enter missing required data based on the template's header rows—the third row indicates required status by field, and the second row lists data type restrictions. Ensure each record includes values for all required fields before re-uploading. Example: The "Auto Id" field in the acoustic templates must include one of the controlled categorical responses listed in the second header row. An entry for this field is 'REQUIRED' for successful data upload. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude/longitude to locate the survey, a Site Name to describe the place, survey start and end times, and the names of surveyors. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: deadlock detected HOW TO RESOLVE: These errors stem from system interruptions rather than issues with your data. Simply re-upload the file. For persistent deadlock errors with large files, try splitting the upload into smaller chunks.