bd65c0d2-7901-4b25-93f9-cc4ae7bec77c Photo credit: Valerie Kearny, Arkansas State University USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis leibii Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (40 - 50 kHz) Weight 1/8 - 1/4 oz (3.5 - 6 g) Body Length 3 - 3 3/8 in (7.5 - 8.5 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Eastern Small-footed Myotis The small-footed Myotis has yellowish-brown fur with a darker under coat and dark wings, ears, and face. True to its name, the small-footed Myotis has small feet that are only 1/4 inch (7 - 8 mm) long. They prefer habitat in upland or lowland hardwood forests. During summer, this species can be found roosting in tree cavities, rock crevices, older buildings, or tunnels. During winter, small-footed Myotis hibernate in very cold caves or mines. This species' diet includes a variety of insects, including moths, beetles, and members of the order Diptera. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

dc08c70d-0652-4061-9e1a-49b0a05f7053 Photo credit: Jennifer Krauel USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Mormoops megalophylla Order: Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family: Mormoopidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (~50 kHz) Weight 1/2 - 3/5 oz (15 - 16 g) Body Length 2 1/3 - 3 in (6 - 8 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Peter's Ghost-faced Bat Peter's ghost-faced bat has reddish brown to dark brown fur, a short nose, large ears and distintive folds of skin on its face. This bat is found in warm habitats with a range from southern Texas and Arizona in the US through Mexico, Central and South America. They roost in large groups within caves and mines at lower elevations. Peter's ghost-faced bat does not migrate or hibernate. Moths are one of their common foods. Mothers give birth to one pup per year and the lifespan of this bat is estimated to be around 20 years in the wild. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

REGIONAL MONITORING HUBS Hubs help prioritize local needs while aligning monitoring efforts with NABat's broader continental-scale goals. By working closely with local partners, hubs bolster collaboration, reduce redundancies, and help partners get more out of shared efforts and resources. Hubs in Your Area Reach out to a nearby Hub Coordinator to learn more! North of Northwest Hub Northwest Bat Hub PacWest Hub Rocky Mountain Hub Southwest Hub Midwest Hub Southeast Hub Mid-Atlantic Hub Atlantic Canada Hub Mail Mail Mail Mail Mail Mail Mail Mail Mail Leveraging Resources and Expertise Led by regional coordinators, hubs leverage resources across organizations to overcome challenges, provide services, optimize monitoring efforts and fill information needs, while populating the central NABat database. Hubs are key to the NABat purpose: to create a continent-wide program to monitor bats at local to rangewide scales that will provide reliable data to inform resource management decisions and support the long-term viability of bat populations across the continent.

d53f38e1-8cc5-41eb-b46d-cab2c2309c1c Photo credit: Dan Neubaum USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis evotis Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (~30 kHz range) Weight 1/4 oz (5 - 8 g) Body Length 3 3/8 – 3 7/8 in (8.7 – 10cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Long-eared Myotis The long-eared Myotis has lighter, yellow fur on its back and a grayish, pale underside. This bat's face, ears, and membranes are a darker, black color. True to its name, the long-eared Myotis has long ears that end in slightly rounded tips. This species can be found in mixed coniferous forests, occurring at higher elevations within its southern range. Roosting sites are typically located high in tree cavities, beneath the bark of dead or living trees, or in caves and old buildings. Pregnant females will roost in rock crevices, logs, or stumps. Moths are a staple in this species' diet. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

QA/QC & Error Warnings List Learn How to Resolve Your Upload Error... ERROR WARNING deadlock detected Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING line_interpolate_point: [custom text] Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Unable to distrubte transect points Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING No GRTS Cell in this sample frame at this latitude and longitude Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Latitude and longitude not in specified GRTS Cell Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING There already exists an entry for this species, for this observer, for this emergence event Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING An entry of this recording name already exists and is part of another survey event Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING A recording name is unique to a project and can only be processed as part of one deployment. An entry of this recording name already exists Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING survey can not exceed more than 24 hours Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Capture Time not within Start and End Times Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Audio Recording Time not within Start and End Times Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Name of Species List for Manual Id must be specified when Manual Id is specified Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Invalid option for Classifier--> [custom text] Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING invalid input syntax for type time: Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING needs to include date and time Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING is an invalid timestamp Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING is invalid boolean Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING is an invalid float Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING is an invalid integer Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Invalid option for Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Name of Species List for Manual Id must be specified when Manual Id is specified Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Manual Id Vetter must be specified when Manual Id is specified Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING A Internal winter hibernaculum survey must have a site use type of hibernacula or winter roost Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Location name is not unique and GRTS Cell ID or latitude and longitude were not provided. Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING No location found matching location name Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING If no Audio Recording Time is provided the Audio Recording Name must include a datetime in the format of "_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS" Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Audio recording metadata is required to upload acoustic survey results Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING FOREACH expression must not be null Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Auto Id or Manual Id required for recording Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Missing required field Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING Observational data must include Learn How to Resolve ERROR WARNING null value in column "" violates not-null constraint Learn How to Resolve

025d9411-1f71-42f8-8a0b-0652c7222a88 Photo credit: Ernest Valdez USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Tadarida brasiliensis Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family : Mollosidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (~25 kHz range) Weight 1/4 - 1/5 oz (7 - 12 g) Body Length 3 - 4 in (7.9 – 9.8 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Brazilian free-tailed bats are named for the long tails that extend beyond their uropatagium (membrane surrounding the tail). Like other species of the family Molossidae, Brazilian free-tailed bats have distinctive large, rounded ears that form a semicircle around the face and nearly meet on the forehead. They are a fast flying bat and have been clocked at speeds up to 60 mph. This species is know for its extremely large colonies; the largest, Bracken Cave, is home to more than 15 million individuals. Brazilian free-tailed bats commonly roost in caves, bridges, and buildings. They are generalist feeders, preying on moths, beetles, flies, and insects in the order Hemiptera. Females typically give birth to a single pup each summer. The average lifespan of Brazilian free-tailed bats is 8 years. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Latitude and longitude not in specified GRTS Cell HOW TO RESOLVE: Ensure each row has a valid location combination: 'GRTS Cell Id' alone, 'GRTS Cell Id' with 'Quadrant', or 'Latitude'/'Longitude'. Verify longitudes are negative and lat/long values aren't swapped. If both GRTS ID and coordinates are present but conflict, remove whichever you trust less—delete the 'GRTS Cell Id' value (keeping the column) if you trust coordinates, or omit lat/long to let the system match on 'GRTS Cell Id' and 'Site Name'. Ensure site names are unique to prevent ambiguity. For repeat visits to established sites, verify coordinates remain consistent—new coordinates within 55m of an existing site are ignored, coordinates 55–100m away create a new map point but maintain site association, but coordinates exceeding 100m generate an entirely new site record, breaking data continuity and preventing trend analyses. Mobile transect surveys operate under different logic that matches primarily on unique 'Site Name' values; see "ADDED EXPLANATION" for details. ADDED EXPLANATION: NABat requires at least a 'GRTS Cell Id' to assign surveys to a 10×10 km grid cell, but recommends providing additional granularity via 'Quadrant' or 'Latitude'/'Longitude'. Location errors occur when this information is missing, ambiguous, or internally conflicting. Ambiguity commonly arises when generic site names (e.g., "Bridge 1" or "Cave") are reused across multiple locations, or when provided coordinates fall outside the boundaries of the stated GRTS cell. For large datasets, load coordinates into GIS or mapping tools to verify placements and catch systematic issues such as swapped lat/long columns or missing negative signs. To avoid unintentional site splits when revisiting established sites, verify coordinates match prior uploads or omit coordinates entirely to let the system match on Site Name alone. Mobile transect surveys can match solely on a unique 'Site Name' value, bypassing some ambiguity checks applied to other survey types. It is recommended that users draw a line object representing their route on the project map, named to exactly match the Site Name value(s) in the upload file. The portal can then estimate missing lat/long coordinates by combining route geometry with elapsed time during the survey. Without a defined line object, surveys traversing multiple GRTS cells with missing coordinates cannot be processed—users must estimate coordinates themselves or provide the 'GRTS Cell Id' for each record. Surveys occurring entirely within a single cell should still have their route drawn; however, users preferring coarser resolution can provide only the 'GRTS Cell Id'.

33fc89e6-90b5-460e-bb88-16ab11b60e89 Photo credit: Saguaro NPS USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Nyctinomops femorosaccus Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Molossidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (~18 kHz range) Weight 1/3 - 1/2 oz (10 - 14 g) Body Length 4 2/5 in (11.2 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Pocketed Free-tailed Bat The pocketed free-tailed bat is dark brown with ears that connect in the center. They get their name from a fold of skin that forms a pocket near their knees. This bat can be found roosting in rock crevices, small caves, and buildings within desert shrub and pine-oak forest habitats. Pocketed free-tail bats tend to have colonies of less than 100 individuals. Their range include the southwestern US and Mexico. This species eats mostly large moths but also beetles and other insects. Mothers have one pup per year. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

OUR TEAM Meet our Central Coordination team of ecologists, technical support specialists, analysts, computer scientists, and core planning team members. Our goal is to support the monitoring efforts and information needs of the collaborative NABat network . Photo: Tamara Perez Rodriguez Program Coordinators Brian Reichert NABat Program Coordinator breichert@usgs.gov Jordi Segers NABat Coordinator Canada jsegers@cwhc-rcsf.ca Bethany Straw NABat Asst. Program Coordinator bstraw@usgs.gov Technical Support Andrea Schuhmann Technical Outreach Coordinator aschuhmann@usgs.gov Photo: Paul Cryan Analysts Helen Davis Geospatial Ecologist htdavis@usgs.gov Brad Udell Quantitative Ecologist budell@usgs.gov Charles Labuzzetta Quantitative Ecologist clabuzzetta@usgs.gov Sarah Gaulke Ph.D. Student sgaulke@usgs.gov sarah.gaulke@colostate.edu David Blount Quantitative Ecologist david.blount@cornell.edu Jeremy Coleman U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Jon Reichard U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Kathi Irvine U.S. Geological Survey Wayne Thogmartin U.S. Geological Survey Susan Loeb U.S. Forest Service Ted Weller U.S. Forest Service Michelle Verant National Park Service Mylea Bayless Bat Conservation International Winifred Frick Bat Conservation International Brad Jost Bureau of Land Management Charles Francis Canadian Wildlife Service Cori Lausen Wildlife Conservation Society, Canada Eric Britzke U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Dev'mt Ctr. Photo: Jose Martinez-Fonseca Core Planning Team

557e782f-edfa-4829-a117-4fb2aa5d5b81 Photo credit: Thomas Cuypers USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Molossus molossus Order: Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family: Molossidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (35-45 kHz) Weight 2/3 oz (18 g) Body Length 4 in (10 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Pallas' Mastiff Bat Pallas' mastiff bat, also known as the velvety free-tailed bat, has reddish brown to black fur and a musky odor. Found in subtropical forests, this species' range extends though Central and South America. This bat commonly roosts in manmade structures as well as tree hollows, palm fronds, rock crevices, and caves. Though they are native to Cuba, it is believed Pallas' mastiff bat was introduced to the Florida Keys as part of a mosquito control plan in 1929. Common food items for this bat include flies, beetles, ants, and moths. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Create Account Plan Project Collect Data Prep/Process Data Upload Data Data QA/QC Get Data Species Codes Resource Library REFERENCE CALLS IMPORTANCE & NEED RECORDING GUIDANCE EMBEDDING METADATA TO FILES FINALIZING METADATA Photo: Jose Martinez-Fonseca; Echolocation Illustration: Andrea Schuhmann Importance & Need Bat reference calls, also known as voucher calls, are acoustic recordings of bat echolocations, social calls, etc. where the identity of the recorded species is established through reliable non-acoustic identification methods, i.e., capture, genetics, etc. Bats are cryptic, nocturnal creatures that can be incredibly difficult to study. Acoustic monitoring allows us to passively and noninvasively monitor bats and bat populations, even in remote locations. Nonetheless, the structure, frequency and temporal pattern of bat vocalizations (referred to here as "call") can vary dramatically even within a given species due to the surrounding habitat, presence of other bats, life stage of the bat, etc. Conversely, different bat species can have overlapping call characteristics that make species-level identification difficult or unreliable despite major advances in automated classification algorithms and software. Despite the NABat database representing over 130 million bat acoustic records (and counting), there is still a pressing need for v erified, curated reference recordings, particularly for underrepresented geographies and species. These bat reference calls are needed to help improve the utility and reliability of acoustic monitoring as a tool for studying bats and are essential for advancing our understanding of how species and populations are faring across North America. General Recording Guidance General Best Practices for Recording High Quality Bat Reference Calls Use low-intensity spotlight to track target bat and orient microphone for recording. Avoid recording in areas with high bat activity (e.g., adjacent to ponds, cattle troughs) to reduce risk of recording nontarget individuals. Avoid recording in proximity to other captured bats. Light tags can be used to effectively track released bats (avoid tags that exceed 5% of body weight; consult local USFWS office for permission to light tag listed species as part of a federal permit). Note: NABat discourages submitting recordings not verified via reliable non-acoustic methods. Embedding Metadata to Files 1. Currently, NABat Reference Call Metadata can be embedded to audio files using a custom NABat xml form in the Kaleidoscope Lite (no subscription required) or Kaleidoscope Pro (subscription required) softwares. Open Kaleidoscope Lite/Pro. Confirm you are in Bat Analysis mode in the Batch tab (this allows for processing of WAV or ZC files). Under the INPUTS section click Browse to select the Input directory of the folder containing your .wav/.zc files. Select the box beside the type of input files (WAV files or ZC files). 2. Click the drop-down menu above the Default Project Form and select Add or Replace a Project Form . Navigate to NABat Reference Call Metadata .xml and select the file. The NABat metadata form will load beneath the drop-down. 3. It is recommended that you organize your reference recording files into folder(s) grouped by SURVEY EVENT and SPECIES (at a minimum) prior to proceeding with the metadata embed process. Grouping files to maximize shared attributes across the metadata fields minimizes the need for post-hoc edits. This may necessitate using input directories that house only a single file. Download the required NABat Reference Call Metadata xml here. 4. Complete all metadata fields for which you have uniform data across all Input directory files. Leave field responses blank and manually edit metadata in resulting meta.csv outside of this application (i.e., in Excel) for any fields that may differ across audio files within your Input directory (e.g., same Reference Species ID across all recordings but Audio Recording Characteristics differ). Note, edits to the meta.csv made outside of this application will not be embedded to the audio files. NABat required metadata fields include: GRTS Cell ID or Latitude and Longitude Site Name Audio Recording Date Audio Recording Name Reference Species ID Species ID Method Surveyor(s) Microphone Model Recording Scenario Submitted to Software Developer(s)? 5. Once all required metadata fields and any additional fields for which you have data have been completed, select the desired output directory to save processed files by clicking Browse in the top right of the window. 6. Once the output directory has been selected, choose None from the Create subdirectories drop-down menu and select the type of output files you intend to create, WAV or ZC (ZC files cannot be converted to WAV). 7. Finally, click the Auto ID for Bats tab at the top of the window and confirm that your classifier is DISABLED (only Kaleidoscope Pro subscribers have access to Auto ID for Bats) . 8. Click Process Files in the bottom right corner of the window. Finalizing Metadata 1. Open Output directory folder to view processed (metadata embedded) files. Locate and open the meta.csv . 2. Manually complete any necessary metadata adds or edits for field responses that differed across recordings. Note, these edits will not be embedded in the audio files. 3. Rename the meta.csv file with a descriptive and unique name and save. The NABat system will automatically overwrite duplicate file names with the most recent version, so it is critical that your file name is unique. Example: SiteName_SpeciesCode_ReferenceCalls_YearMonthDate.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Name of Species List for Manual Id must be specified when Manual Id is specified. HOW TO RESOLVE: Species list errors will appear as missing-field or invalid-categorical errors. When uploading acoustic data, you must specify which custom species list was used for Auto ID and Manual ID -- the corresponding fields are 'Name of Species List for Auto Id' and 'Name of Species List for Manual Id'. These fields behave like controlled categorical fields but are managed in the Partner Portal rather than in your CSV. Create or edit your project's species lists in the Partner Portal, then enter the exact list names in your upload file. ADDED EXPLANATION: Knowing which species were considered during Auto ID and Manual ID analyses is essential for estimating detection probabilities and modeling populations. Errors involving the 'Name of Species List for Auto ID' and 'Name of Species List for Manual ID' fields arise when the names provided in the CSV do not match any list defined in the Partner Portal. To resolve these errors, navigate to your project's Species Lists tab, enter edit mode, and add a new list. Give the list a clear name, provide a brief description, and use the Definition column to include or exclude species. After saving, enter the exact list name in the 'Name of Species List for Auto Id' and/or 'Name of Species List for Manual Id' fields in your CSV. Projects may use different lists for Auto ID and Manual ID—for example, a comprehensive regional list for automated classification and a smaller subset for manual verification. Ensure every list referenced in your data has been created in the Partner Portal and is named exactly as it appears in your upload file.