dc5dd233-e027-4cf3-b527-7a493b664525 Photo credit: Jason Slater, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Corynorhinus rafinesquii Order : Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family : Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Frequency modulated sweep (~20 kHz) Weight 1/4 - 1/2 oz (7 - 13 g) Body Length 3 1/2 in - 4 1/5 (9.2 – 10.6 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat Rafinesque’s big-eared bats are easily identifiable throughout the southeastern U.S. by their extremely large ears and short snout with prominent lumps that flank the nostrils. The species' dorsal fur ranges from gray to reddish-brown, and its bicolored ventral fur has a dark base with pale or white tips that distinguish it from the closely-related Townsend's big-eared bat. This species is uncommon throughout most of its range, which spans across the southeastern U.S. and north into Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. It is primarily found in mature forests, especially cypress/tupelo-gum stands. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats roost in trees, caves, bridges, and occasionally buildings. Winter habits of the species vary: individuals in cooler parts of the range often hibernate, while those in warmer climates are active throughout the year. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats feed mostly on moths but will also eat other insects including crane flies and horseflies. Females produce a single pup per reproductive cycle. The oldest recorded Rafinesque’s big-eared bat is 10 years old. Rafinesque's big-eared bats are one of a handful of low-intensity echolocation species colloquially referred to as "whispering bats." Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Audio Recording Time not within Start and End Times HOW TO RESOLVE: A survey window conflict occurs when a record's timestamp ('Audio Recording Time') falls outside the reported 'Survey Start Time' and 'Survey End Time'. For acoustic datasets, address errors based on the number of records affected. A few error rows can be removed or resolved through manual adjustments to the Audio Recording Time. If many records are affected, check for consistent time offsets or other systematic shifts, then resolve by batch-shifting times for uniform offsets, removing pre/post-survey recordings that fall outside the actual survey period, or extending the survey window to include legitimately captured records. ADDED EXPLANATION: To troubleshoot survey window conflicts, first check if timestamps align with known survey date(s) and times. If they do, detector misconfiguration is unlikely. If they differ, look for uniform shifts (e.g., in minutes, hours, or dates) that may have been caused by incorrect detector presets; these can be corrected by adjusting values in a spreadsheet or coding tool. Many applications let you add or subtract date/time values arithmetically. Note that detector datetime formats that include a "T" between date and time, or that include a time zone at the end (e.g., "-07.00") can make it difficult to arithmetically adjust timestamps in programs like Excel. If so, If so, use {Find/Replace} tools to swap the “T” for a space, and replace the time zone portion (e.g., “-07:00”) with a blank value, then re-format the column as a standard date/time. Records captured between detector recording-ON and survey start, or survey end and detector recording-OFF should be removed. Errored records resulting from inaccurate survey start/end times can be resolved by extending the listed survey start/end times to accommodate documented recording times.

22113804-cd90-481e-b9d6-b0e63db726c8 Photo credit: Dan Neubaum USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Parastrellus hesperus Order: Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (45 kHz range) Weight 1/10 - 1/5 oz (3 - 6 g) Body Length 2 2/5 - 3 1/5 in (6.2 – 8 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Canyon Bat The canyon bat, formerly known as the western pipistrelle, is the smallest bat in the U.S. Canyon bats have short, broad faces and white to yellow fur that contrasts starkly against their black ears, face, and wings. Preferred habitat includes deserts, woodlands, and shrublands from western Mexico north to Washington and as far east as central Oklahoma and west Texas. Small maternity colonies have been reported, but solitary females are also common. The species roosts primarily in rock crevices, and females typically give birth to twins. Canyon bats are capable of extremely slow flight, which has been described as butterfly-like. Diet includes moths, beetles, and flies. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Create Account Plan Project Collect Data Prep/Process Data Upload Data Data QA/QC Get Data Species Codes Quick Links PROCESSING ACOUSTICS IN KALEIDOSCOPE PRO Select the acoustic survey type for which you have data STATIONARY POINT SURVEYS MOBILE TRANSECT SURVEYS Important Update to the Kaleidoscope Pro Workflow O lder versions of the NABat xml form for Kaleidoscope Pro required two separate processing steps using two separate xmls: first, embedding metadata to the acoustic files, and second, reading those processed data to a meta.csv output file. The new NABat xml form and updated workflow completes everything in one step. Updated versions of Kaleidoscope Pro now provide SAWG GRTS 1.0 as a classifier option and processing outputs now report MLE scores. Updates to the NABat Stationary Acoustic Upload Template are coming soon to ingest MLE scores. Processing Stationary Point Surveys 1. Open Kaleidoscope and click Browse to select the input directory of the folder containing your .wav/.zc files. Select the box beside the type of input files (WAV files or ZC files ). Select a folder containing all data for a single detector deployment (all nights at a single site). This is the broadest selection for which all files will share the same metadata (site name, latitude, longitude, etc.). NOTE: Download the required NABat metadata form here . Use NABat STATIONARY Survey Metadata Form for Kaleidoscope Lite + Pro (v2026).xml for use when processing stationary acoustic data. 2. Click the drop-down menu beside Default Project Form and select Add or Replace a Project Form . Navigate to NABat STATIONARY Survey Metadata Form for Kaleidoscope Lite + Pro (v2026).xml and select the file. The NABat metadata form will now load in the bottom of the INPUTS section (the left half of the Kaleidoscope window). 3. Complete all metadata fields for which you have data. Required fields include: GRTS Cell ID or Latitude and Longitude Site Name Survey Start Time Survey End Time Surveyor(s) Auto ID Software Name of Species List for Auto Id Name of Species List for Manual ID (if manual ID is provided) Audio Recording Name Audio Recording Time Some fields require specific formatting. Hover the pointer over a field for formatting tips and/or a list of accepted entries. CAUTION: Scrolling mouse over drop-down boxes will scroll through options and may result in unintentional selections. Avoid this by scrolling through form using the gray scroll bar on the far right and double-check form entries before processing. 4. Once all required metadata fields and any additional fields for which you have data have been completed, select the desired output directory to save processed files by clicking Browse in the top right of the window. 5. Once the output directory has been selected, choose Nightly from the Create subdirectories drop-down menu to keep new files organized by detector night. Next, select the type of output files you intend to create, WAV or ZC (ZC files cannot be converted to WAV). Users with zero crossing files that end in the .# extension rather than .zc should select the 8.3 file names and Use .zc instead of .??# options below ZC files. Otherwise, Kaleidoscope will remove the seconds from the filename, increasing the likelihood of duplicate filenames (resulting from distinct files recorded within the same minute) which will create errors when uploading metadata to the NABat database. 6. Next, click the Auto ID for Bats tab at the top of the window. Select Bats of North America from the Classifiers drop-down menu. Select + 1 More Accurate (Conservative) from the drop-down menu at the top right and select your state/region from the drop-down menu below the list of species. Species can be manually added or removed based on specific knowledge of species assemblages in your area, but this must be reflected in your NABat species lists used for Auto Id and for Manual Id. NOTE: Updated versions of Kaleidoscope Pro now provide SAWG GRTS 1.0 as a classifier option via the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) species lookup by GRTS ID field. Under this field, select your sampling frame in the drop-down menu and enter your GRTS ID in the open field. Leave the above Select by region option blank. 7. Click Process Files in the bottom right corner of the window. 8. Manual verification of auto-identified species is not required for upload to the NABat Partner Portal. Users who intend to manually verify auto-identified species may review audio files when Kaleidoscope Pro has finished processing. NABat guidance recommends manual verification of a minimum of one audio file per species per night to establish presence-absence. 9. If your detector model automatically embeds a date/time stamp into call files, these data should auto-populate and appear in the Audio Recording Time column of the Kaleidoscope Pro id.csv output. If so, you may skip the renaming process. However, before uploading metadata to NABat, ensure that the Audio Recording Time column contains data. Otherwise, file names must adhere to NABat's naming format (e.g., GRTSCellId_SiteName_Timestamp.wav or .zc) and users should follow the guidance in step 10. If the Audio Recording Time column successfully auto-populates, you may skip to step 11. 10. To rename files, follow the instructions in NABat's R script for renaming acoustic files . Rename all files to ensure they are consistent with NABat naming format. NABat naming format: GRTSID_SITENAME_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.wav/zc. NOTE: Kaleidoscope will append '_000' to the end of filenames. The '_000' filename suffix is how Kaleidoscope marks a distinction between raw audio files vs audio files that have been processed in Kaleidoscope to embed metadata and/or processed to auto-classify. It is okay to retain the '_000' suffix in filenames. 11. Navigate to the current output directory folder and open the id.csv file. Check to ensure all fields for which you entered data are filled and ensure one or both of the Auto Id/Manual Id columns are filled. 12. Rename the id.csv file with a descriptive and unique name and save. The NABat system will automatically overwrite duplicate file names in a given project with the most recent version, so it is critical that your file name is unique. NOTE: Extra columns/field names are included in the id.csv containing call metrics and as a byproduct of the MLE calculation. It is okay to delete these fields before uploading data, it is also okay to leave them, they will be ignored and not ingested into the NABat database. Additionally, the MLE scores will be ignored and not ingested into the NABat database until corresponding updates to the data upload template are completed (coming soon). Processing Mobile Transect Surveys 1. Open Kaleidoscope and click Browse to select the input directory of the folder containing your .wav/.zc files. Select the box beside the type of input files (WAV files or ZC files ). Select a folder containing all data for a single detector deployment (all nights at a single site). This is the broadest selection for which all files will share the same metadata (site name, latitude, longitude, etc.). NOTE: Download the required NABat metadata form here . Use NABat MOBILE Survey Metadata Form for Kaleidoscope Lite + Pro (v2026).xml for use when processing stationary acoustic data. 2. Click the drop-down menu beside Default Project Form and select Add or Replace a Project Form . Navigate to NABat MOBILE Survey Metadata Form for Kaleidoscope Lite + Pro (v2026).xml and select the file. The NABat metadata form will now load in the bottom of the INPUTS section (the left half of the Kaleidoscope window). 3. Complete all metadata fields for which you have data. Required fields include: GRTS Cell ID or Latitude and Longitude Site Name Survey Start Time Survey End Time Surveyor(s) Auto ID Software Name of Species List for Auto Id Name of Species List for Manual ID (if manual ID is provided) Audio Recording Name Audio Recording Time Some fields require specific formatting. Hover the pointer over a field for formatting tips and/or a list of accepted entries. CAUTION: Scrolling mouse over drop-down boxes will scroll through options and may result in unintentional selections. Avoid this by scrolling through form using the gray scroll bar on the far right and double-check form entries before processing. Spatial information for the route should be uploaded or drawn prior to completing these steps and uploading metadata. Guidance for providing spatial data for the route is available here . Ensure that the Site Name you provide with call metadata matches the name of the spatial object you upload or create. If your mobile transect passes through > 1 cell and you have a record of the X, Y location where each call was recorded (using an external GPS or a GPS enabled detector), leave the GRTS Cell ID field blank. The NABat system will use the X, Y locations to auto-assign the correct GRTS cell to each call. Otherwise, calls recorded outside the primary cell will produce a Latitude-Longitude/GRTS ID mismatch error. If Latitude and Longitude are embedded in your call files, the Kaleidoscope metadata form will extract those values and auto-populate the metadata output. If Latitude and Longitude values were downloaded from a GPS unit, see step 13. If you are unable to provide the X, Y location where each file was recorded, the NABat system can estimate the location based on user-provided spatial information for the route, timestamps of each file, and the start/end times of the survey. In this case, it is critical that users provide a spatial object for the route prior to uploading metadata, ensure timestamps are provided for each file, provide start and end times of the route, and leave the GRTS Cell ID column of the metadata upload blank. 4. Once all required metadata fields (and any additional fields for which you have data) have been completed, select the desired output directory to save processed files by clicking Browse in the top right of the window. 5. Once the output directory has been selected, choose Nightly from the Create subdirectories drop-down menu to keep new files organized by detector night. Next, select the type of output files you intend to create, WAV or ZC (ZC files cannot be converted to WAV). Users with zero crossing files that end in the .# extension rather than .zc should select the 8.3 file names and Use .zc instead of .??# options below ZC files. Otherwise, Kaleidoscope will remove the seconds from the filename, increasing the likelihood of duplicate filenames (resulting from distinct files recorded within the same minute) which will create errors when uploading metadata to the NABat database. 6. Next, click the Auto ID for Bats tab at the top of the window. Select Bats of North America from the Classifiers drop-down menu. Select + 1 More Accurate (Conservative) from the drop-down menu at the top right and select your state/region from the drop-down menu below the list of species. Species can be manually added or removed based on specific knowledge of species assemblages in your area, but this must be reflected in your NABat species lists used for Auto Id and for Manual Id. NOTE: Updated versions of Kaleidoscope Pro now provide SAWG GRTS 1.0 as a classifier option via the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) species lookup by GRTS ID field. Under this field, select your sampling frame in the drop-down menu and enter your GRTS ID in the open field. Leave the above Select by region option blank. 7. Click Process Files in the bottom right corner of the window. 8. Manual verification of auto-identified species is not required for upload to the NABat Partner Portal. Users who intend to manually verify auto-identified species may review audio files when Kaleidoscope Pro has finished processing. NABat guidance recommends manual verification of a minimum of one audio file per species per night to establish presence-absence. 9. If your detector model automatically embeds a date/time stamp into call files, these data should auto-populate and appear in the Audio Recording Time column of the Kaleidoscope Pro id.csv output. If so, you may skip the renaming process. However, before uploading metadata to NABat, ensure that the Audio Recording Time column contains data. Otherwise, file names must adhere to NABat's naming format (e.g., GRTSCellId_SiteName_Timestamp.wav or .zc) and users should follow the guidance in step 10. If the Audio Recording Time column successfully auto-populates, you may skip to step 11. 10. To rename files, follow the instructions in NABat's R script for renaming acoustic files . Rename all files to ensure they are consistent with NABat naming format. NABat naming format: GRTSID_SITENAME_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.wav/zc. NOTE: Kaleidoscope will append '_000' to the end of filenames. The '_000' filename suffix is how Kaleidoscope marks a distinction between raw audio files vs audio files that have been processed in Kaleidoscope to embed metadata and/or processed to auto-classify. It is okay to retain the '_000' suffix in filenames. 11. Navigate to the current output directory folder and open the id.csv file. Check to ensure all fields for which you entered data are filled and ensure one or both of the Auto Id/Manual Id columns are filled. 12. Rename the id.csv file with a descriptive and unique name and save. The NABat system will automatically overwrite duplicate file names in a given project with the most recent version, so it is critical that your file name is unique. NOTE: Extra columns/field names are included in the id.csv containing call metrics and as a byproduct of the MLE calculation. It is okay to delete these fields before uploading data, it is also okay to leave them, they will be ignored and not ingested into the NABat database. Additionally, the MLE scores will be ignored and not ingested into the NABat database until corresponding updates to the data upload template are completed (coming soon). 13. Users who saved latitude and longitude of recordings with an external GPS unit must manually add X,Y locations to the bulk metadata spreadsheet. To begin, download the locations file from your GPS unit. This is typically in the form of a text file with columns for filename, latitude, and longitude. Users with GPS enabled detectors that embed X,Y locations into call files (the latitude/longitude columns of your CSV will already contain data) can skip to step 20. 14. Import the GPS text file into Excel: Open a new spreadsheet. Click the Data tab and then select Get Data , then From File , and finally From Text/CSV . Navigate to your GPS text file and click Open . A dialogue box will appear with a preview of the data to be imported. The GPS text files are typically tab delimited. If your data are properly sorted into columns, click Load . If not, use the Delimiter drop-down menu to select the appropriate delimiter and click Load . 15. When your data are loaded into an Excel spreadsheet, click the Sort and Filter button (under the Home tab) and select Custom Sort . 16. In the dialogue box, select the column containing your filenames to sort by. 17. Next, open the CSV containing your survey metadata (the renamed id.csv file) and sort by the Audio Recording Name column. 18. The two Excel documents (survey metadata CSV and GPS spreadsheet) should now be sorted by chronological order. Double check to ensure that the sorted columns match based on chronological order. 19. If the documents are sorted properly, you can now copy and paste the latitude and longitude columns from the GPS file into the metadata CSV. Select the latitude and longitude columns of the GPS document. Highlight the latitude and longitude columns, right click, and select Copy . Next, select the Latitude cell of the first call for the deployment, right click, and select Paste. The Latitude and Longitude columns should now be filled with the corresponding values. 20. The metadata file is now ready to be uploaded to your NABat project

f0079a48-7891-403e-b3e0-3741b0dcba69 Photo credit: Bureau of Reclamation USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Lasiurus frantzii Order: Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family : Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (36-54 kHz) Weight 1/3 - 1/2 oz (10 - 15 g) Body Length 3 9/10 - 4 1/3 in (10 – 11 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Desert Red Bat The desert red bat has red fur, bicolored, with white tips; males often appearing more vibrantly pigmented than females. The species is slightly smaller than the closely related eastern red bat. Desert red bats are often found in riparian habitats, particularly those associated with cottonwood trees. During the active season it roosts in the foliage of trees and shrubs; however, little is known about the species' winter activity or roosting sites. Favorite foods include beetles, flies, and moths. Mothers typically birth twins but can deliver up to 5 pups in a litter! In the wild desert red bats may survive to over 12 years in age. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

aa2ec950-59c1-47a3-9030-fb81dd576b58 Photo credit: Richard Hoyer USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Nyctinomops macrotis Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Mollosidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (17-30 kHz range) Weight 3/4 - 1 oz (22 - 30 g) Body Length 4 3/4 - 6 1/3 in (12 – 16 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Big Free-tailed Bat The big free-tailed bat has brown to black fur, ears that meet in the middle of its forehead, and a long tail that extends beyond the tail membrane. Its habitat is in rocky canyons where this bat roosts in rock crevices and has been occasionally documented roosting in buildings and tree cavities. It is a strong flyer and migrates between winter and summer homes. Breeding colonies of the big free-tailed bat have been found as far north as Colorado. This species mostly feeds on moths but will sometimes eat other insects including grasshoppers, ants, and beetles. Mothers give birth to one pup a year. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

BACKGROUND Scientists, resource managers, and bat-enthusiasts have been concerned about the future of bat populations for decades. NABat was designed to unify this continental community to collaboratively monitor bats, assemble data in a centralized database, and deliver status and trends for one of North America's critical resources -- BATS! Bats are Amazing Photo: Roxanne Pourshoustari Bats make up the second largest order of mammals, Chiroptera, and comprise one-fifth of all mammalian species. They perform numerous ecosystem services like insect pest control and plant pollination, and provide enormous economic benefits through ecotourism, medical research, and novel biotechnologies. Learn More Monitoring Need Photo: Jordi Segers There are 47 bat species in the U.S. and Canada, more than half of which are of current conservation concern. Eight are listed as federally endangered. Despite the importance of bats and growing concern about their status, prior to 2015 there was no program to conduct standardized monitoring of bat species across multiple taxa in North America. Bats are notoriously difficult to monitor adding to the need for a coordinated effort. Learn More Spread of WNS Photo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service White-nose syndrome (WNS), an emerging fungal disease, was discovered in North America in the winter of 2006. The rapid spread of the disease and associated mortality further prioritized the need to understand population trends. Subsequently the U.S. WNS National Response Plan (2011) and the WNS Implementation Plan (2014) identified the need for a national framework to model and monitor bat populations. Members of the WNS Response Team's Conservation and Recovery working group developed A Plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program . Learn More Multiple Threats Photo: Paul Cryan It was evident among members of the bat research and management community that they were tackling similar issues. Because factors like WNS and wind turbines affect bat populations across political borders, it was determined that a comprehensive bat monitoring program for all species shared among the United States, Canada, and Mexico was required. By monitoring population and distribution trends across North America, NABat will not only provide information about the impacts of WNS, but also inform land managers and policymakers about the impacts of wind energy development, climate change, habitat loss, and other unanticipated threats that may arise in the future. Learn More

516b7702-ffa4-4351-98b3-d2b05b6aad75 Photo credit: Ian Maton USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis ciliolabrum Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (~40 kHz range) Weight 1/5 - 1/4 oz (4.7 - 7 g) Length 3 1/5 - 3 2/3 in (8.1 – 9.3 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Western Small-footed myotis The western small-footed myotis has light brown to yellowish fur that contrasts starkly with its black face, ears, and wing membranes. This species is found in a variety of habitats including deserts, shrublands, grasslands, and wooded areas. The western small-footed myotis typically hibernates in crevices of caves and mines, but little is known about its winter ecology. Maternity colonies have been documented in rock crevices, barns, and abandoned houses. Females typically give birth to a single pup each season. Diet consists of moths, flies, caddisflies, and a wide range of insects of the order Hemiptera. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: An entry of this recording name already exists and is part of another survey event HOW TO RESOLVE: Duplicate errors occur when the system encounters repeated survey records. This error typically occurs when duplicate records occur across multiple uploads. Locate the conflicting file in the Partner Portal's Surveys tab, download it from Project Files, and compare contents with your current file. Keep the most complete version and remove overlapping rows from the other, then re-upload. If duplicates persist despite removing and re-uploading affected data, contact the NABat Technical Outreach Team. ADDED EXPLANATION: Duplicate detection logic varies by survey type. For emergence count surveys, each unique combination of Site Name, Exit Identifier (if provided), Surveyor, and Species should appear in a single row—multiple rows from the same surveyor for the same combination are flagged as duplicates, whereas rows from different surveyors are averaged to produce the final count. Roost count surveys use different logic: counts are summed within each surveyor's report for a given site, section, and species, and if multiple surveyors report, their sums are averaged—so duplicates are not flagged in the same way. Beyond survey-type logic, duplicate errors can arise from re-uploading the same data in quick succession, inadvertently uploading the same survey under different file names, accidental copy/paste duplication within a file, or leftover data from older versions of the upload logic. When identifying duplicates within a file, Excel's Conditional Formatting (Home → Styles → Conditional Formatting → Highlight Cells → Duplicate Values) can highlight repeated values in a unique identifier column. For surveys lacking a single unique field, create a new column that concatenates key fields to form a composite identifier. When comparing across uploads, note the conflicting file's name and created date in the Partner Portal, download it, and review side-by-side with your current file to determine which version is more complete or accurate. In rare cases, the database may retain artifacts of previously deleted data that trigger duplicate errors on subsequent uploads—if you suspect this scenario after repeated removal and re-upload attempts, contact the NABat technical outreach team to investigate.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: survey can not exceed more than 24 hours HOW TO RESOLVE: Ensure the 'Survey Start Time' and 'Survey End Time' does not exceed 24 hours for capture, emergence, internal roost counts, and transportation structure assessments.

79d41544-9ffe-4617-a2dc-922a6d32b7d0 Photo credit: Ernie Valdez USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis occultus Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (~40 kHz range) Weight 1/4 - 1/3 oz (7 - 9 g) Body Length 3 1/3 - 3 1/2 in (8.5 - 9 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Arizona Myotis The Arizona myotis has light to dark brown fur with darker wing membranes and ears. This species lives in desert, woodland, and cave habitats and is most commonly found residing in pine forests. Arizona myotis have been observed roosting in pine trees, bridges, and attics. Their range includes southwestern US and central Mexico. They commonly hibernate in caves and buildings. Documented food items include beetles, wasps, and mosquitoes. Female Arizona myotis typically have 1 pup per year. Banded wild individuals as old as 31 years have been recorded. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

2dac6b3f-3953-42f1-820a-cd67394eaaae Photo credit: BLM USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Eumops perotis Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Mollosidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (10-25 kHz) Weight 2 - 2 1/2 oz (56 - 70 g) Body Length 7 1/2 in (19 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Greater Bonneted Bat The greater bonneted bat, also known as the greater mastiff bat, has brown to gray-brown fur that gets lighter on its belly and long ears which extend over its nose. This species ranges from the southwestern US south into Argentina. The greater bonneted bat is the largest bat species in the US with a two foot wingspan. This bat does not migrate or hibernate. This large bat roosts at least 20 ft high in small groups within rock fissures. They prefer to eat moths but also consume other flying insects. The greater bonneted bat can have a lifespan of 10-15 years in the wild. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next