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Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Manual Id Vetter must be specified when Manual Id is specified HOW TO RESOLVE: Enter missing required 'Manual Id Vetter' field when 'Manual Id' is specified. Enter missing required data based on the template's header rows—the third row indicates required status by field, and the second row lists data type restrictions. Ensure each record includes values for all required fields before re-uploading. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude/longitude to locate the survey, a Site Name to describe the place, survey start and end times, and the names of surveyors. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: An entry of this recording name already exists and is part of another survey event HOW TO RESOLVE: Duplicate errors occur when the system encounters repeated survey records. This error typically occurs when duplicate records occur across multiple uploads. Locate the conflicting file in the Partner Portal's Surveys tab, download it from Project Files, and compare contents with your current file. Keep the most complete version and remove overlapping rows from the other, then re-upload. If duplicates persist despite removing and re-uploading affected data, contact the NABat Technical Outreach Team. ADDED EXPLANATION: Duplicate detection logic varies by survey type. For emergence count surveys, each unique combination of Site Name, Exit Identifier (if provided), Surveyor, and Species should appear in a single row—multiple rows from the same surveyor for the same combination are flagged as duplicates, whereas rows from different surveyors are averaged to produce the final count. Roost count surveys use different logic: counts are summed within each surveyor's report for a given site, section, and species, and if multiple surveyors report, their sums are averaged—so duplicates are not flagged in the same way. Beyond survey-type logic, duplicate errors can arise from re-uploading the same data in quick succession, inadvertently uploading the same survey under different file names, accidental copy/paste duplication within a file, or leftover data from older versions of the upload logic. When identifying duplicates within a file, Excel's Conditional Formatting (Home → Styles → Conditional Formatting → Highlight Cells → Duplicate Values) can highlight repeated values in a unique identifier column. For surveys lacking a single unique field, create a new column that concatenates key fields to form a composite identifier. When comparing across uploads, note the conflicting file's name and created date in the Partner Portal, download it, and review side-by-side with your current file to determine which version is more complete or accurate. In rare cases, the database may retain artifacts of previously deleted data that trigger duplicate errors on subsequent uploads—if you suspect this scenario after repeated removal and re-upload attempts, contact the NABat technical outreach team to investigate.

dc5dd233-e027-4cf3-b527-7a493b664525 Photo credit: Jason Slater, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Corynorhinus rafinesquii Order : Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family : Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Frequency modulated sweep (~20 kHz) Weight 1/4 - 1/2 oz (7 - 13 g) Body Length 3 1/2 in - 4 1/5 (9.2 – 10.6 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat Rafinesque’s big-eared bats are easily identifiable throughout the southeastern U.S. by their extremely large ears and short snout with prominent lumps that flank the nostrils. The species' dorsal fur ranges from gray to reddish-brown, and its bicolored ventral fur has a dark base with pale or white tips that distinguish it from the closely-related Townsend's big-eared bat. This species is uncommon throughout most of its range, which spans across the southeastern U.S. and north into Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. It is primarily found in mature forests, especially cypress/tupelo-gum stands. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats roost in trees, caves, bridges, and occasionally buildings. Winter habits of the species vary: individuals in cooler parts of the range often hibernate, while those in warmer climates are active throughout the year. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats feed mostly on moths but will also eat other insects including crane flies and horseflies. Females produce a single pup per reproductive cycle. The oldest recorded Rafinesque’s big-eared bat is 10 years old. Rafinesque's big-eared bats are one of a handful of low-intensity echolocation species colloquially referred to as "whispering bats." Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

OUR TEAM Meet our Central Coordination team of ecologists, technical support specialists, analysts, computer scientists, and core planning team members. Our goal is to support the monitoring efforts and information needs of the collaborative NABat network . Photo: Tamara Perez Rodriguez Program Coordinators Brian Reichert NABat Program Coordinator breichert@usgs.gov Jordi Segers NABat Coordinator Canada jsegers@cwhc-rcsf.ca Bethany Straw NABat Asst. Program Coordinator bstraw@usgs.gov Technical Support Andrea Schuhmann Technical Outreach Coordinator aschuhmann@usgs.gov Photo: Paul Cryan Analysts Helen Davis Geospatial Ecologist htdavis@usgs.gov Amy Wray Bat Ecologist awray@usgs.gov Brad Udell Quantitative Ecologist budell@usgs.gov Charles Labuzzetta Quantitative Ecologist clabuzzetta@usgs.gov Sarah Gaulke Ph.D. Student sgaulke@usgs.gov sarah.gaulke@colostate.edu David Blount Quantitative Ecologist david.blount@cornell.edu Photo: Thomas Cuyper Computer Scientists Ben Lohre blohre@usgs.gov Joe Chabarek jchabarek@usgs.gov Harrison Pickett hpickett@usgs.gov Teague Neschke tneschke@usgs.gov Jeremy Coleman U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Jon Reichard U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Kathi Irvine U.S. Geological Survey Wayne Thogmartin U.S. Geological Survey Susan Loeb U.S. Forest Service Ted Weller U.S. Forest Service Michelle Verant National Park Service Mylea Bayless Bat Conservation International Winifred Frick Bat Conservation International Brad Jost Bureau of Land Management Charles Francis Canadian Wildlife Service Cori Lausen Wildlife Conservation Society, Canada Eric Britzke U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Dev'mt Ctr. Photo: Jose Martinez-Fonseca Core Planning Team

5977e49f-278a-4c9d-93d9-c577552d1c16 Photo credit: Alan Schmierer USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Leptonycteris yerbabuenae Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Phyllostomidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller Weight 1/2 - 1 oz (15 - 28 g) Body Length 2 3/4 - 3 1/3 in (6.8 - 8.4 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Lesser Long-nosed Bat The lesser long-nosed bat has brown to gray fur and an unusual split in its tail membrane. Inhabiting desert areas, this species forms large aggregations in cave or mine roosts. Lesser long-nosed bats may migrate over 1,000 miles between their winter and summer ranges! A nectivore, the species is a frequent pollinator of agave and columnar cacti and may opportunistically feed at hummingbird feeders. Mothers give birth to one pup a year. This bat can survive to over 20 years in age in the wild. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

658b8eed-12d9-4720-8eb1-a36d7c190881 Photo credit: J. Scott Altenbach USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Eumops underwoodi Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Mollosidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (10-25 kHz) Weight 1 2/5 - 1 3/4 oz (40 - 50 g) Body Length 6 - 6 1/3 in (15 - 16 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Underwood's Bonneted Bat Underwood's bonneted bat has a gray to sandy brown color and large ears. It is the second largest bat in the US after the greater bonneted bat. This species lives in desert, grassland, and decidious forest habitats and has been observed roosting in cacti, under palm fronds, and among foliage. Its range spreads from southern Arizona to Nicaragua and this species migrates south for the winter. This bat is fast and has been clocked flying at speeds over 43 km/hr (27 mi/hr)! Underwood's bonneted bat feeds on insects including leafhoppers, moths, grasshoppers, and beetles. Mothers give birth to one pup per year. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

bd65c0d2-7901-4b25-93f9-cc4ae7bec77c Photo credit: Valerie Kearny, Arkansas State University USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Myotis leibii Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: High frequency caller (40 - 50 kHz) Weight 1/8 - 1/4 oz (3.5 - 6 g) Body Length 3 - 3 3/8 in (7.5 - 8.5 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Eastern Small-footed Myotis The small-footed Myotis has yellowish-brown fur with a darker under coat and dark wings, ears, and face. True to its name, the small-footed Myotis has small feet that are only 1/4 inch (7 - 8 mm) long. They prefer habitat in upland or lowland hardwood forests. During summer, this species can be found roosting in tree cavities, rock crevices, older buildings, or tunnels. During winter, small-footed Myotis hibernate in very cold caves or mines. This species' diet includes a variety of insects, including moths, beetles, and members of the order Diptera. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

16bb03c6-c6b9-4ac9-92ac-48ff8e556551 Photo credit: Ann Froschauer, USFWS USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Corynorhinus townsendii Order: Chiroptera Suborder: Yangochiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (~20 kHz range) Weight 1/5 - 1/2 oz (5 - 13 g) Body Length 3 1/2 - 4 1/2 in (9.0 – 11.5 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Townsend's Big-eared Bat The Townsend’s big-eared bat is easily identifiable by its extremely large ears which measure nearly half its body length. Other distinguishing features include a long, pointed tragus and a short snout with pronounced lumps on either side. Its pelage is variable, with dorsal fur ranging from gray to reddish- or blackish-brown; and gray ventral fur showing brown or buff tips. It is a wide-ranging species, found from southern Canada to southern Mexico, occupying diverse habitats including coniferous forests, oak-hickory forests, and grasslands. Townsend’s big-eared bats typically roost in cliffs, caves, and rock ledges, hibernating in areas with substantial airflow. The species feeds mostly on moths but occasionally preys on other small insects. Females produce a single pup per reproductive cycle. The oldest recaptured Townsend’s big-eared bat was 21 years old. Townsend’s big-eared bats are one of a handful of low-intensity echolocation species colloquially referred to as "whispering bats." Two subspecies of Townsend's big-eared bat, the Ozark big-eared bat and the Virginia big-eared bat, are on the US federally endangered list. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Location name is not unique and GRTS Cell ID or latitude and longitude were not provided. HOW TO RESOLVE: This error occurs when 'GRTS Cell Id' and 'Latitude'/'Longitude' are both missing from a record. Ensure the ''GRTS Cell Id' field or "Latitude' & 'Longitude' fields are completed for each submitted record. ADDED EXPLANATION: Surveys must include key fields that answer the "where, what, when, and who" questions: either a GRTS Cell ID or latitude/longitude to locate the survey, a Site Name to describe the place, survey start and end times, and the names of surveyors. Each survey type may also require a few additional fields. If required columns are missing entirely, the upload wizard will block the file. If required columns are present but individual rows lack values, those rows will be flagged while the rest of the file can load. Use the template's informational header rows to identify which fields are required and ensure each data entry row contains values for these fields before uploading.

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: No GRTS Cell in this sample frame at this latitude and longitude HOW TO RESOLVE: Ensure each row has a valid location combination: 'GRTS Cell Id' alone, 'GRTS Cell Id' with 'Quadrant', or 'Latitude'/'Longitude'. Verify longitudes are negative and lat/long values aren't swapped. If both GRTS ID and coordinates are present but conflict, remove whichever you trust less—delete the 'GRTS Cell Id' value (keeping the column) if you trust coordinates, or omit lat/long to let the system match on 'GRTS Cell Id' and 'Site Name'. Ensure site names are unique to prevent ambiguity. For repeat visits to established sites, verify coordinates remain consistent—new coordinates within 55m of an existing site are ignored, coordinates 55–100m away create a new map point but maintain site association, but coordinates exceeding 100m generate an entirely new site record, breaking data continuity and preventing trend analyses. Mobile transect surveys operate under different logic that matches primarily on unique 'Site Name' values; see "ADDED EXPLANATION" for details. ADDED EXPLANATION: NABat requires at least a 'GRTS Cell Id' to assign surveys to a 10×10 km grid cell, but recommends providing additional granularity via 'Quadrant' or 'Latitude'/'Longitude'. Location errors occur when this information is missing, ambiguous, or internally conflicting. Ambiguity commonly arises when generic site names (e.g., "Bridge 1" or "Cave") are reused across multiple locations, or when provided coordinates fall outside the boundaries of the stated GRTS cell. For large datasets, load coordinates into GIS or mapping tools to verify placements and catch systematic issues such as swapped lat/long columns or missing negative signs. To avoid unintentional site splits when revisiting established sites, verify coordinates match prior uploads or omit coordinates entirely to let the system match on Site Name alone. Mobile transect surveys can match solely on a unique 'Site Name' value, bypassing some ambiguity checks applied to other survey types. It is recommended that users draw a line object representing their route on the project map, named to exactly match the Site Name value(s) in the upload file. The portal can then estimate missing lat/long coordinates by combining route geometry with elapsed time during the survey. Without a defined line object, surveys traversing multiple GRTS cells with missing coordinates cannot be processed—users must estimate coordinates themselves or provide the 'GRTS Cell Id' for each record. Surveys occurring entirely within a single cell should still have their route drawn; however, users preferring coarser resolution can provide only the 'GRTS Cell Id'.

8d2c6646-52d8-4a64-901f-a3bc337b8d47 Photo credit: Audrey Holstead USFWS Next WNS & Listing Status Eptesicus fuscus Order : Chiroptera Suborder : Yangochiroptera Family : Vespertilionidae Call characteristics: Low frequency caller (~30 kHz range) Weight 1/2 - 3/4 oz (14 - 20 g) Body Length 3 3/8 - 5 3/8 in (8.7 - 13.8 cm) There are various sources for bat species range maps including IUCN , NatureServe , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ECOS , and the National Atlas of the United States . US SWAP National List IUCN Red List Canada Species at Risk Mexico Big Brown Bat Big brown bats are medium brown in color, with darker facial features and ears. Their small ears and eyes sit upon a blunt face. This bat can be seen in urban and suburban environments of mixed agricultural use. As generalists, the species can be at home among timberline meadows to lowland deserts, and abundant in deciduous forest areas. Big brown bats will roost in artificial structures, including buildings, bridges, and bat houses. When selecting for hibernation roosts, this species can tolerate hibernating in areas that experience very cold temperatures. Big brown bats have a preference for munching on beetles but will eat a variety of insects. Females can consume up to their body weight in insects in a single night. In the west half of this species' range, females have been found to produce a single pup (baby bat), whereas twins are more frequent in the east. Information used to populate this page was obtained from the following sources: NatureServe Explorer United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System Bat Conservation International Bat Profiles National Atlas of the United States. (2011). North American Bat Ranges, 1830-2008. National Atlas of the United States. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pz329xp4277. Taylor, M. 2019. Bats: an illustrated guide to all species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. Conservation Status Previous Next

Back to Search ERROR WARNING: Latitude and longitude not in specified GRTS Cell HOW TO RESOLVE: Ensure each row has a valid location combination: 'GRTS Cell Id' alone, 'GRTS Cell Id' with 'Quadrant', or 'Latitude'/'Longitude'. Verify longitudes are negative and lat/long values aren't swapped. If both GRTS ID and coordinates are present but conflict, remove whichever you trust less—delete the 'GRTS Cell Id' value (keeping the column) if you trust coordinates, or omit lat/long to let the system match on 'GRTS Cell Id' and 'Site Name'. Ensure site names are unique to prevent ambiguity. For repeat visits to established sites, verify coordinates remain consistent—new coordinates within 55m of an existing site are ignored, coordinates 55–100m away create a new map point but maintain site association, but coordinates exceeding 100m generate an entirely new site record, breaking data continuity and preventing trend analyses. Mobile transect surveys operate under different logic that matches primarily on unique 'Site Name' values; see "ADDED EXPLANATION" for details. ADDED EXPLANATION: NABat requires at least a 'GRTS Cell Id' to assign surveys to a 10×10 km grid cell, but recommends providing additional granularity via 'Quadrant' or 'Latitude'/'Longitude'. Location errors occur when this information is missing, ambiguous, or internally conflicting. Ambiguity commonly arises when generic site names (e.g., "Bridge 1" or "Cave") are reused across multiple locations, or when provided coordinates fall outside the boundaries of the stated GRTS cell. For large datasets, load coordinates into GIS or mapping tools to verify placements and catch systematic issues such as swapped lat/long columns or missing negative signs. To avoid unintentional site splits when revisiting established sites, verify coordinates match prior uploads or omit coordinates entirely to let the system match on Site Name alone. Mobile transect surveys can match solely on a unique 'Site Name' value, bypassing some ambiguity checks applied to other survey types. It is recommended that users draw a line object representing their route on the project map, named to exactly match the Site Name value(s) in the upload file. The portal can then estimate missing lat/long coordinates by combining route geometry with elapsed time during the survey. Without a defined line object, surveys traversing multiple GRTS cells with missing coordinates cannot be processed—users must estimate coordinates themselves or provide the 'GRTS Cell Id' for each record. Surveys occurring entirely within a single cell should still have their route drawn; however, users preferring coarser resolution can provide only the 'GRTS Cell Id'.